Additive Manufacturing; Stereolithography in Dentistry

Additive Manufacturing; Stereolithography in Dentistry Introduction: Digital revolution because of computers has made the previously manual tasks much easier, faster and more reliable at a reduced cost. Such modifications are always welcomed in dentistry, especially from materials and manufacturing perspective. The digital revolution in the form of dental CAD–CAM took place many years ago, since than many modified systems have appeared on the market with great rapidity. It is expected that another digital dental revolution will take over dentistry in the form of layered fabrication techniques, once they are able to produce high quality dental prostheses. This situation has also posed great challenge for the material scientists in the form of materials that are suitable for long term use in dentistry and oral environment. This can potentially take dental materials research in a totally different direction. Additive manufacturing: Dentistry is the most suited field for additive manufacturing, as it is associated with rapid production of customized units made to fit the patient with high degree of precision and accuracy. In principle it creates a series of cross-sectional slices from a 3D computer file which are then printed one on top of the other to create the 3D object without any material being wasted. Additive manufacturing technologies includes many and Stereolithography (SLA) is one of them. Stereolithography (SLA) Stereolithography (SLA) is the most widely used rapid prototyping technology. The term â€Å"Stereolithography† was first introduced in 1986 by Charles W. Hull, who defined it as a method for making solid objects by successively printing thin layers of an ultraviolet curable material, one on top of the other. Materials and Required time: A number of materials that the industry uses have increased greatly and modern machines can utilize a broad array of photo curable polymers. Timing depends on the size and number of objects being created, the laser might take a minute or two for each layer (a typical run 6 to 12 h). One can now even print 50 to 80 dental crown units in 56 minutes with high quality mode. Applications in dentistry: Dental applications are very suitable for processing by means of SLA due to their complex geometries, low volume and strong individualization. Most common are models fabricated from intraoral or impression scans. However, popularity is gaining for orthodontics and removable prosthodontics. 1. Production of anatomical models: SLA models are preferred because of higher strength, higher temperature resistance, lower moisture absorption, and lower shrinkage. They can be sterilized for surgical use, and literature has shown superior accuracy (Barker et al., 1994, Choi et al., 2002, Cunningham et al., 2005). Table-1 summarizes basic characteristics of the three most common types of 3-D models used in the United States. SLA clinical models are used as an aid to diagnosis, preoperative planning and implant design and manufacturing. Surgeons use models to help plan surgeries but prosthetists and technologists also use models as an aid to the design and manufacturing of custom-fitting implants. These models are particularly very useful for restorative rehabilitation of oral cancer patients. Medical models are frequently used to help in the construction of Cranioplasty plates. The models are effective tools to facilitate patient education and as a teaching aid for students and ju nior colleagues. 2. Manufacture of crowns and bridges, resin models: Its use is gradually being extended to include the manufacture of temporary crowns and bridges and resin working models for loss wax casting. 3. Production of removable partial denture frameworks: The removable partial denture frameworks is made using rapid prototyping, SLA technique. It was developed by 3D Systems of Valencia, CA, USA in 1986. 4. Production of individually-customized digital aligner models for orthodontic use: Whole trays of individually-customized aligner models which serve as extremely accurate base-mold tools upon which the clear aligners are then thermoformed, can be produced by this additive technique. 5. Manufacturing of scaffolds for bioengineering and nerve guide conduits: Scaffolds for bioengineering and nerve guide conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration are the newer applications of a similar process i.e. microstereolithography ( µ SLA). Future advancements: With the improvements in the speed, reliability, and accuracy of the hardware, additive manufacturing will seriously compete with traditional manufacturing in creating end-use products. Many possible biomedical engineering applications might be available in the coming years. Conclusion: It will still be many years before the machines will be able to produce work of a quality that can be achieved by the best dental technologists in the world. For the dental materials scientist these technologies will throw up a whole new way of materials processing and with it the opportunity to use a whole new range of materials. Table-1 Basic characteristics of 3 D models (Choi et al., 2002) References and further reading: Barker, T.M, Earwaker, W.J.S, Lisle D.A. (1994) Accuracy of stereolithographic models for human anatomy.Australas Radiol,38(106). Berman, B. (2012) 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution.Business horizons,55(2), 155-162. Cassetta, M., Giansanti, M., Di Mambro, A., Stefanelli, L. V. (2013) Accuracy of Positioning of Implants Inserted Using a Mucosa-Supported Stereolithographic Surgical Guide in the Edentulous Maxilla and Mandible.The International journal of oral maxillofacial implants,29(5), 1071-1078. Choi, J.Y., Choi, J.H., Kim N.K. (2002) Analysis of errors in medical rapid prototyping models.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 31(23). doi: 10.1054/ijom.2000.0135. Cunningham, L., Madsen, M., Peterson, G. (2005) Stereolithographic modeling technology applied to tumor resection.J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 63, 873–878. Gauvin, R., Chen, Y. C., Lee, J. W., Soman, P., Zorlutuna, P., Nichol, J. W., Khademhosseini, A. (2012) Microfabrication of complex porous tissue engineering scaffolds using 3D projection stereolithography.Biomaterials, 33(15), 3824-3834. Mehra, P., Miner, J., D’Innocenzo, R., Nadershah, M. (2011) Use of 3-D stereolithographic models in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery,10(1), 6-13. Melchels, F. P., Feijen, J., Grijpma, D. W. (2010) A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering.Biomaterials, 31(24), 6121-6130. Morris, L., Sokoya, M., Cunningham, L., Gal, T. J. (2013) Utility of stereolithographic models in osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the head and neck.Craniomaxillofacial trauma reconstruction,6(2), 87. Patel, M., Al-Momani, Z., Hodson, N., Nixon, P., Mitchell, D. (2013) Computerized tomography, stereolithography and dental implants in the rehabilitation of oral cancer patients.Dental update,40(7), 564-6. Tasaki, S., Kirihara, S., Soumura, T. (2011, November) Fabrication of Ceramic Dental Crowns by using Stereolithography and Powder Sintering Process. In Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (Vol. 32(8), 141-146). American Ceramic Society, Inc., 735 Ceramic Place Westerville OH 43081 United States. Van Noort, R. (2012) The future of dental devices is digital.Dental Materials, 28(1), 3-12.

Honor Killing of Muslim Women

Honor Killings of Muslim Women Introduction Killings in the name of honor are undoubtedly a disaster, an unlawful act, a terror against humanity. Honor Killings of Muslim women is an antique trend followed in Islam in which male members of family and social community deliberately kill women and girls of their family or tribes as a result of belief that they have conducted any shameful act and ruined the reputation of family or tribe. Honor Killings in Muslims has been inherited from the ancient tribal days of 1200 BC when no major religion was came into being thus honor killing has no direct relation to Religion.The concept of Honor Killings has developed as a result of several attitudes in culture based on classes and background, and religious groups, where women is considered as a property of men and possess no rights. The alleged degradation is mostly based upon suspicions only and these suspicious behaviors include unacceptable style of dressing, willingly marrying anyone by own choice particularly with someone who belongs to opposing community or tribe, conducting immoral sexual acts, or even engaging in homosexual acts.Statistics show that about 20000 women become victim of honor killing every year particularly in Asia and Middle East (Fisk. R. , 2010, n. d. ). Honor Killing in the name of religion is the most hideous crimes and it is still occurring in most part of the worlds due to perceived shameful acts in the eyes of men and such tragic events have very valuable lesson in it for the educated and mature people. DiscussionPakistan, the Islamic republic country, is deliberated as one of the most harmful and dangerous country for women to live in because of growing rate of crime in form of honor killing and other related valiances. According to a survey conducted in this regard, it was discovered that Pakistan was the fifth largest country in which women were killed for dowry and honor. Islam and law both prohibits in punishing victims unless there sin i s proved and honor killings take place on the basis of doubts and suspicions of men and groups.On the contrary Islam teaches to avoid punishment if there is a scope and does not consider pregnancy as an evidence of shameful sexual act. This is unfortunate that such terrible acts are false fully supported by few Islamic scholars who tend to justify these activates with respect to Islam. For instance; as per the saying of the Messenger of God in Islam that one should stop the crime with his own hands if he/she see it happening. These kinds of statements are misperceived by these scholars and play a vital role in encouraging honor killings of Women.These scholars promote the point of view of taking law into hands and treating women as an object (Mufti. N. M. et al. , 2012, pp. 180-185). One of the popular examples set by the honor-killing victim named as Mukhtar Mai from Punjab, Pakistan, whose brother was claimed of raping a girl from upper caste family, thus, it was decided by the tr ibe to punish her bother in form of a revenge in which Mukhtar Mai was raped by a gang in order to satisfy the other party and then was forced to commit suicide, so that her family restore their pride and honor.But Mukhtar Mai decided not to kill her self rather to fight against injustice. She belonged to a poor and illiterate culture, which was a real hindrance in her case and today she is running a school for women to educate them to raise voice against honor killings and injustice. She is a true figure for women in Pakistan who have been gang raped, spoiled faces with acid, and ripped nose as a result of Honor killings’ activities (Parker. H. , 2007, pp. 507-508).As per statistics, 300 women were found to be killed for honor in 1997 in Pakistan, 23 murders on average are done for sake of honor in Jordon every year, 36 honor crimes were occurred in Lebanon from 1996 to 1998 in small cities and villages, 400 women were murdered in Yemen and 52 such crimes were reported in Eg ypt in 1997. Whereas, acid attacks increased from 47 to 200 in Bangladesh and 5000 women are murdered by their in laws per year in India as a result of Honor Killings.Honor Crimes are also witnessed in European and Western Countries’ Immigrants communities. Because many women are unable to communicate to the state authority of the honor abuses due to linguistic issues. Such list of countries includes Germany, Sweden, Turkey, and UK. For instance, UK has witnessed 20 such deaths of women in the past five years due to honor crimes. India is a country which has sever traditions that are practiced even to date these include burning brides for sake of dowry, acid attacks, rapes and gang rapes, sexual harassments, illing and raping young girls etc and these apply to both Muslim and Hindu women in their culture. No matter how modernize a women becomes, but such kind of norm against women hardly changes (Tripathi. A. & Yadav. S. , 2005, pp. 63-78). Lessons Learned It is understood th at people who indulge into Honor killings of Women and girls have emotional attachment with their views, belief, culture and religion. They consider such issues as a matter of pride and respect. In order to hinder such acts I believe one has to take serious actions.According to my knowledge and understanding about the underlined topic, publishing and distributing actual Islamic sayings with references can reduce honor killings, more education should be given to people from all classes that marrying some one willingly is not a reason to kill anyone, print media and television should broadcasts open debates on these issues which are often avoided as a taboo, I believe one can use the mosque (A religious place of worship for Muslims) as a platform to educate illiterate people and notify them that it’s a crime, Government itself should contribute and initiate movements against such acts wherever honor killings are taken place in Muslim World. I believe it is everyone’s res ponsibility to stop this activity and nip the evil in the bud wherever witnessed for sake of saving humanity and women’s rights (Mufti. N. M. et al. , 2012, pp. 180-185). I believe such victims in case of survival should be provided with psychological rehabilitation and mental support.Encouraging people who so ever witness these crimes to report immediately to the concerned authority. Government should provide financial aid to NGOs who are continuously working for this cause. Both boys and girls should be educated about equal human rights from the childhood (Tripathi. A. & Yadav. S. , 2005, pp. 63-78). Conclusion Honor Killings of Muslim women in the name of religion is just a means of escape for men, communities, tribal groups who believe in their so called norms, culture, tradition and values. Such terrible acts occur in almost every country where Muslims with conservative thinking are residing and they believe that women are just n object whose activities may affect their reputation severely.These acts should be stopped by law and religious teachings. Concerned authorities should take serious actions against criminals involved in honor killing and punish them strictly. Works Cited Fist. R. The Crime wave that shames the world. The Independent. (2010) Web. 11 Oct. 2012. < http://www. independent. co. uk> Mufti. N. M. et al. Honor Killing in Pakistan: An Islamic Perspective. Asian Social Science. vol 8 no. (10) (2012) pp. 180-185 Parker. H. Reviews: Killing Women for honor. Contemporary Review. (2007) pp. 507-508. Tripathi. A. & Yadav. S. For the Sake of honor: But Whose Honor? Honor Crimes Against Women. Asia Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law. vol 2 (2005) pp. 63-78.

Juvenile Justice: Should Minors be charged as Adults? Essay

A movement has taken hold of our nation to change the juvenile justice system, and erase any distinction between young offenders and adult criminals. Almost all fifty states have changed their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths to be tried as adults and scrapping long-time efforts to help rehabilitate delinquent kids and prevent future crimes. It seems to be plain and simple, a minor in this country is defined as a person under the age of eighteen. How then can we single out certain minors and call them adults? Were they considered adults before they carried out an act of violence? No. How then, did a violent act cause them to cross over a line that is defined by age? The current debate over juvenile crime is being dominated by two voices: elected officials proposing quick-fix solutions, and a media more intent on reporting violent crimes than successful prevention efforts. Minors should not be tried as adults in our society today. This is obvious through looking at proposit ions by our government such as Proposition 21, statistics on juvenile crime and also from specific cases where minors where sentenced in adult courts. Politicians feel that best and easiest solution is to simply lock up youth offenders for long periods of time, and ignore rehabilitation. Most studies demonstrate that putting young offenders in adult prisons leads to more crime, higher prison costs, and increased violence (Cooper, 1997). Yet, we are spending more and more on corrections, and less on prevention efforts. Some states spend more on corrections than they do on higher education. The cost of keeping juveniles in prison as compared to putting them into rehabilitation programs is astronomically higher. The Average cost of incarcerating a juvenile for one year is between $35,000 to $64,000. However, the average cost of an intervention program is $4,300 per child a year (Crary, 2000). Also the effectiveness of prisons to prevent juveniles from becoming repeat offenders is low. Kids, who have already spent time in adult prisons, are far more likely to commit more serious crimes when they are released. Crime prevention programs work and are cost-effective. They have been shown to reduce crime substantially when compared to imprisonment after crimes have been committed. There are many crime prevention programs  around the country that have been very successful in helping to reduce juvenile crime. Many states use early intervention programs that are designed to help parents of troubled kids in raising their children. These programs offer strategies and tactics for helping supervise and discipline troubled children. This is done because it is believed that one of the causes of delinquency is that parents of kids with delinquent tendencies simply don’t know what to do with them. These programs as well as other similar ones have been shown to have quite an influence on crime prevention. Media reports on juvenile crime are greatly exaggerated. While some headlines suggested that a â€Å"ticking time bomb† of so-called â€Å"super predator children† is waiting to explode, the studies show that this is simply not true. Crime level indicators show that the male â€Å"at risk† population will rise over the next decade, but the levels are far from the explosive level that the media would like to suggest. In fact, the levels are lower than those reached in the late 1970’s, when the â€Å"at risk† population last peaked (Crary, 2000). The public also holds greatly distorted views about the prevalence and severity of juvenile crime. Contrary to public perception, the percentage of violent crimes committed by juveniles is low. Young people commit only 13% of violent crimes (Reeves, 2001). Also, most juvenile arrests have nothing to do with violence. Most kids only go through the juvenile justice system once. Most youths will simply out grow delinquent behavior once they mature. The true â€Å"juvenile predator† is actually a rare breed. But the media thrives on sensationalism, so they make it appear that crime is everywhere in order to sell more newspapers, or have people watch their broadcast. History is known to repeat itself. This saying is no lie when you look at the topic of juvenile justice. Until Chicago established the first juvenile court in the U.S. in 1899, children 14 and older were considered to be as responsible as adults for their actions. Minors as young as 13 were occasionally sentenced to death, and some were executed (Palmer, 1999). Discomfort with the death penalty and with imprisoning children with adults led to the creation of a separate court acting as the parent or guardian of young offenders. Solutions include therapy, education, and community service, as well as incarceration and restitution of victims. â€Å"The  (juvenile) court was established as an attempt to say kids are not just small adults, but people of tender years with a future ahead of them,† said Judge Martha Grace, chief justice of the Massachusetts Juvenile Court. â€Å"I am disturbed by the tendency now to lock kids up and throw away the key† (Palmer, 1999). So if we already felt that children should not be able to be tried as adults and we created a juvenile system to correct this why turn our backs on it and go back to our cruel ways of more than 100 years ago? The answer is simple, we shouldn’t. We need to better our juvenile system, a system that has been working fine since 1899. The government has taken the initiative to come up with a plan of their own called Proposition21, which would try offenders as adults rather than juvenile. Proposition 21 would require juvenile offenders 14 years or older to be charged as adults. It would eliminate informal probation, and further limit confidentiality for juveniles who are charged with or convicted of specified felonies. Proposition 21 would require that certain juvenile crime offenders be held in a local or state correctional facilities rather than in juvenile facilities. It would designate certain crimes as violent and serious, thereby making offenders subject to longer sentences. Proposition 21 was proposed so that fourteen year olds and older would be tried as adults for serious crimes. If proposition 21 passes it is going to send thousands of fourteen to sixteen year olds to state prison. Right now the cost of vandalism, in order to be considered a felony, is fifty thousand dollars, and if proposition 21 passes the cost is going to be reduced to four hundred dollars. Proposition 21 does nothing to protect our communities, and all it does is incarcerate children. Rather than decrease, if proposition 21 passes, crime rates are going to increase. If passed, it will incarcerate many juveniles with top-notch criminals. These children will not be given the opportunity for rehabilitation like in the juvenile system. Without treatment and education, the only thing a juvenile can learn while incarcerated with adult criminals, is how to become a better criminal. These teenagers will not be given the opportunity of rehabilitation and will come out of jail only tougher. Our nation also has a tragic record of sexual and physical assaults on juveniles incarcerated with adult criminals. Adult criminals will then take advantage of these teenagers. A Chicago Sun Times  writer states that â€Å"Prop. 21 would shift the power to decide which juveniles get tried as adults from judges to prosecutors. In Florida, where a similar law was passed, prosecutors sent almost as many young offenders to the state’s adult courts as judges did in the whole of the rest of the country — and 71 percent of them were for nonviolent crimes†( Huffington, 2000). Proposition 21 is a horrible idea and is a step in the wrong direction that only further hurts our youth. Many people feel that juvenile crime is getting out of control. If you look at the statistics, you can see that this is not true. Youth advocates say the â€Å"public does not realize that the vast majority of juvenile crimes are not violent, and that young offenders who are treated as adults become a bigger threat to society because they are deprived of efforts to rehabilitate them, which are rarer in the adult system.† The arrest rate for violent juvenile crime has fallen for four years in a row and 23 percent since 1994; according to the Juvenile Justice Department report released this month. The arrest rate for murders by juveniles has dropped 40 percent in the same period. Since 1992 in Massachusetts, the juvenile crime rate has declined, yet the number of minors committed to the Division of Youth Services has doubled. Minors are also receiving sentences twice as long as they were before the state passed the Youthful Offender Law in 1996, DYS said (Palmer, 1999). If this rate is declining is there a need to make harsher laws for minors? A study funded by the MacArthur Foundation and released in December by Frank Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley, also found that juvenile crime rates had not increased over time. â€Å"Legislative activity around the nation has been motivated by the sense of a national youth violence emergency,† he said. But, Zimring added, those changes were driven by flawed analysis of statistics (Palmer, 1999). When looking at statistics you must look for fallacies in the reports. Also, on September 29th, the Washington Post Newspapers states, â€Å"60% of children who are referred to a juvenile court learn their lesson the first time.† They never cause problems again. The public rarely hears the good news in the juvenile court syst ems. This alone tells us, they do deserve a second chance. Lionel Tate, 14, is serving a life sentence for the first-degree murder of 6-year-old Tiffany Eunick in July 1999 when he was 12. He is appealing. The governor rejected his request for clemency last year. The minor, who never testified at his trial, talks with state Department of Juvenile Justice authorities. â€Å"I really don’t have anything to say to the judge other than I didn’t want to be found guilty,† Tate told his interviewer following his conviction. â€Å"I wish the day never happened. I didn’t mean to hurt Tiffany, and I feel real sad and sorry for her and (her mother)? If I could repeat that day, I wouldn’t play wrestle with Tiffany† (Reeves, 2001). By looking at his statement you can tell that Tate was just repeating what he saw on T.V. He did not shoot, stab or kill the little girl with any objects of any kind. This shows that it was not his intent on killing her. Regardless of what happened a 14 year old does not deserve to be locked up the rest of his life. What does it say about our society when we lock up our youth? To me it says that we don’t care about their futures and would rather just get them out of sight so that they are out of mind. We cannot give up on our youth. In conclusion, the topic of juvenile justice and sentencing minors with adult penalties is a heated debate. Many elected officials go for the quick-fix solutions. The media will always show the worst of juvenile crime, and not any positive which makes people feel that there is a huge problem. Minors should not be tried as adults in our society today. Bad quick fixes such as Proposition 21 does not help, it sends us as a society a step back. Juvenile crime does exist and youths do commit violent acts. However, it is not on the scale that many people would like the public to believe. The statistics don’t lie, juvenile crime is falling. The solution is to this problem is not a simple one and cannot be solved by simply putting kids in adult prisons or propositions. More effective solutions should be explored and put to use. We need to have faith in out juvenile system. There is a growing willingness to turn a cold shoulder to life’s losers. Even when those losers happen to be kids. Rehabilitation seems to be out and retribution is in. The law created the defining line between minors and adults, but now everyone wants to ignore the definition because the crime got more ugly. The minor is still a minor, no matter how ugly the act.

The Trailer For Kill Bill - 1552 Words

The trailer for Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (2003), the fourth film directed by Quentin Tarantino, is a fast paced, violent, and action packed trailer that pays homage to Japanese sword fighting, martial arts, and gunplay. The main character known as The Bride (Uma Thurman), is a former assassin whose former lover, Bill (David Carradine) attempted to kill her on her wedding day. After waking up from a coma, The Bride begins to tell her story about how she was attacked by the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad, which she was once a part of, while pregnant. The trailer begins with the click sound of a revolver s hammer being pulled back, and then firing. The camera is then positioned behind The Bride s butt, as she begins to narrate her story. Frames of the bullet are shown as she talks, until it hits its victim - The Bride. She hits the floor in her wedding gown, after being shot in the head. A montage of violent sequences that start in an average suburban neighborhood, where she fights Vernita Green (Vivica A. Fox) in her own home, and leads to a Tokyo nightclub bloodbath, where she fights yakuza boss O-Ren Ishii (Lucy Liu). Contrary to your average movie trailer involving action and violence, the perpetrators of these violent acts are the female characters, instead of the male characters. The protagonist is on a path of retribution against the assassins who crashed her wedding and attempted to kill her, but despite the fact that there is a male member of the Deadly ViperShow MoreRelatedCreative Writing : A Short Story1162 Words   |  5 Pagesstore, climbed into the rig’s trailer, and started pulling pallets off of it. After pulling out multiple heavy crates, he finally reached the front of the rig. At the front, there was a pallet full of fruits that had been smashed as if an anvil fell upon them. With a look of dismay, Joe stared at the scattered fruit fibers covering the front of his trailer. He then noticed something peeking out of the edge of the crate; ther e were three crisp one-hundred-dollar bills under the pallet. Now utterlyRead MoreSupreme Court Cases and the Eighth Ammendment865 Words   |  3 PagesJefferson was commenting that the Bill of Rights from governmental. Both the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution had more purpose; The Bill of Rights was meant to give citizens of the U.S. promising freedom to rely on. The Constitution set terms for the U.S. to abide by. The Constitution was established for the people and was a social contract; it was an agreement between the government and society to protect the nation’s deserved rights and liberties. The Bill of Rights was included in the Constitution;Read MoreA Day At A Mile1390 Words   |  6 PagesAll-Volunteer Armed Force has been so successful that contemporary America continues this practice. For this reason, there has been a rise of military propaganda. In addition to that, many Americans are attracted to joining the forces because of the GI Bill (Bailey). In 1970, Joseph began basic training for the army in Fort Dix, New Jersey. The soldiers underwent rigorous physical training and were taught the ins and outs of safety. For instance, they had to crawl through a tightly enclosed space underRead MoreBrief Notes On Eating Breakfast1655 Words   |  7 Pagesdrafted† (â€Å"Statistics about the Vietnam War†). Within the decade in between the end of World War II (1939-1945) and the beginning of the Vietnam War (1955-1975), there was a dramatic shift in men’s willingness to go to war, presumably due to the GI Bill that was implemented towards the end of World War II. However, regardless of how his friends ended up in the army, they all shared similar positive experiences with Joseph. Some of them had fought in Vietnam; others had traveled to U.S. military basesRead MoreHorse Slaughter - Argumentative Paper1527 Words   |  7 Pagesraised the cost of traditional meats; Time Magazine reported from Carlson’s, a bu tcher shop in Westbrook, CT, that they were selling over 6,000 pounds of horse meat a day. (Weil) In 2006, the House of Representatives voted to end horse slaughter; the bill passed to make the killing and selling American horses for human consumption an illegal practice in the United States. Today in the US, people do not consume horse meat on a whole sale basis. But because many other counties do, the exporting of horseRead MoreEssay on Benefits of Horse Slaughter Industry1918 Words   |  8 Pagesbe rendered into animal feed. nbsp;Little or no monetary compensation is gained by the owner unless the horse was insured. The second way horses are turned into food is the typical slaughterhouse procedure. nbsp;Many animals are herded into the kill chute, they are stunned with a blast of carbon dioxide into their brain, and then their throats are slit. nbsp;The horses are bought at auction or privately from the owner for as much as $1000. nbsp;All horsemeat that is edible for humans is theRead MoreGmos, Good Or Bad For You?2238 Words   |  9 Pagescountry. In recently there has also been a bill in Washington about GMO’s. The bill wanted all food that contained GMO’s to be labeled so that consumers would be aware of what they are about to purchase. Ninety one percent of the population wanted the foods to be labeled read a recent poll done by Emilee Jacobsin of the Washington Post (GMO Bill). Most people wanted the food labeled so that they would be able to steer clear of the product. When the bill was voted on in Washington it was denied. Read More The Doggie in the Window Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthat pet stores keep puppy mills in business. The vast majority of dogs sold in pet stores, up to half a million a year, are raised in puppy mills. Puppy mill kennels usually consist of small wood and wire-mesh cages, or even empty crates or trailer cabs. â€Å"All dogs are kept outdoors, and the females dogs are bred continuously, with no rest between heat cycles. The mothers and their litters often suffer from malnutrition, exposure, and lack of adequate veterinary care. The continuous breedingRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1599 Words   |  7 Pagesdescriptions continue by giving the reader a front-row truthful look into the life of a 1950’s Cuban fisherman, â€Å"...his tail was sharp as a scythe and almost of that size and shape. When the old man had gaffed her and clubbed her, holding the rapier bill with its sandpaper edge and clubbing her across the top of her head until her colour turned to a colour almost like the backing of mirrors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (49). These descriptions effortlessly use similes and personification as well, â€Å"â€Å"...his tail was sharp as aRead MoreSummary Of The Pig Farmer Killer Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesEagle Ridge Hospital and Eistetter healed in the closest emergency room. This charge was dismissed in January of 1998. From 1998 to 2002, Pickton was recruiting many more women to visit his farm, which was noticed by a worker of his by the name of Bill Hiscox. Hiscox noticed that these same women were then later reported missing. Police found personal items of some of the missing women inside of Pickton’s farm, after a search warrant was executed to search for illegal firearms inside the property